DEPARCH Journal of Design, Planning and Aesthetics Research
Submissions are invited for DEPARCH Journal of Design, Planning and Aesthetics Research. A free, open access, peer-reviewed, e-journal. We welcome original research articles, critiques and book reviews. DEPARCH Journal of Design, Planning and Aesthetics Research explores the aesthetics of design, architecture and planning for all aspects of the built and natural environment. This includes architecture, interior architecture, industrial design, spatial design, virtual reality, design technology, urban planning, sustainable cities, architectural engineering and inter/multi-disciplinary research. DEPARCH covers research, practice and education, seeking to develop theoretical and methodological innovations which explore the multivarious aspects of environmental aesthetics. Submissions can cover theoretical discussions, methodological developments, as well as empirical studies and built environment practice. DEPARCH is of interest to disciplines as varied as architecture, environmental psychology, human history, conservation, heritage and cultural studies. DEPARCH has no article submission charges. DEPARCH is published twice a year, in Spring and Fall. DEPARCH is published by Selcuk University Rectorate.
Open access articles in DEPARCH are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The City as Design Agency: Integrating Design Thinking withthe Political Form of Architecture
This study investigates the political dimension of architecture and urban design, focusing on their potential to act as instruments of critical resistance within contemporary governance structures. The research problem centers on the tendency of architects and planners to operate within neoliberal frameworks, which reduces design to a technical and managerial function, limiting its capacity to foster solidarity, social justice, and environmental responsibility. In response, this study examines how design agencies -emerging institutional actors in urban governance- can reposition architecture as a form of political action rather than merely delivering projects. To address this problem, the study hypothesizes that architectural and urban design practices must be reframed through principles of ethics, solidarity, and social repair. It argues that design agencies can develop transformative models that prioritize public benefit and spatial quality, thereby challenging the homogenizing logic of neoliberal urbanization. Methodologically, the research adopts a qualitative and comparative approach, analyzing global examples of design agencies to examine the relationship between spatial form production and modes of political representation. The theoretical framework draws on Ungers’s “City within the City” and Pier Vittorio Aureli’s notion of “absolute architecture.” These theories provide a lens for understanding how formal autonomy and antagonistic resistance can be institutionalized through design agencies. Ultimately, the study interprets these agencies not as administrative instruments but as urban apparatuses capable of generating political consciousness through spatial form.
Absolute Architecture, Design Agency, Design Thinking, Dialectic City, Urban Design
Copyright (c) 2026 DEPARCH Journal of Design, Planning and Aesthetics Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Industrial Timber Construction Systems in Turkey: A Study onApplicability and Potential
Turkey is located in a highly active seismic zone and has experienced numerous destructive earthquakes throughout its history, most recently the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquakes, which caused extensive loss of life and structural damage. This context necessitates the exploration of alternative construction systems that can enhance seismic resilience while meeting contemporary sustainability criteria. Timber, as a lightweight and ductile material with a high strength-to-weight ratio, offers significant advantages for earthquake-resistant construction. Following its long-standing use in traditional building practices, timber construction has undergone substantial transformation since the Industrial Revolution. The emergence of engineered wood products and industrial timber systems has enabled improved structural performance, material efficiency, and durability, while also supporting environmentally responsible construction. These developments position timber as a viable alternative to conventional building materials in modern construction. This study evaluates the applicability and potential of industrial timber construction systems in Turkey through an assessment of their structural, environmental, and technological characteristics. In addition, contemporary timber construction techniques are reviewed, and a recent industrial timber housing application in a seismic region of Turkey is examined as a case study. The findings aim to contribute to the ongoing discourse on resilient and sustainable construction practices and to support the wider integration of industrial timber systems into the Turkish building sector.
Earthquake-Resistant Structures, Engineered Wood, Industrial Timber Systems, Sustainable Construction, Timber Construction.
Hospital Garden Design for Cancer Patients: A Case ofMalatya Oncology Hospital
Clinical findings have shown that gardens have a positive effect on the mental well-being of patients and also contribute to an improvement in the physical condition. However, cancer patients who have to stay in hospital for a period of time to complete their treatment usually do not have access to open areas with natural elements. Gardens with fresh air and a calm environment help cancer patients control their feelings of hopelessness and anxiety and improve their mental ability to cope with a difficult situation. This study aims to design a hospital garden with therapeutic value and to provide specific design strategies for the healing gardens of cancer patients. To achieve this goal, two balconies of İnönü University Oncology Hospital in Malatya, Turkey, were selected as design examples. The method consists of four consecutive steps: (1) a literature review to determine the design criteria of healing gardens, (2) analysing the case study, (3) identifying the needs and evaluations of cancer patients and experts, and finally (4) developing a list of design strategies based on the data obtained in the previous steps. As a result, specific design principles for the creation of an internal hospital garden were proposed, which can serve as a model for future hospital gardens and also provide practical guidance for architects and landscape architects
Cancer Patients, Environmental Design, Healing Landscape, Hospital Indoor Gardens.
Triumphal Arches (Tak) Architecture as a Temporary Architectural Device: A Study on Early Republican Period in Turkey Examples
This article examines triumphal arches (TAK) erected on urban squares and main axes during the early Republican period in Turkey as ephemeral architectural elements, positioned between monument, gateway and decorative portal typologies. The conceptual framework is structured around ephemerality, monumentality, collective memory and nation-building, and interpreting these reads arches as both spatial interfaces and ideological communication devices. Methodologically, the study combines a literature review, archival documents, photographs and plan analyses; ceremonial arches in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, Zonguldak, Diyarbakıir, Samsun and other cities are classified through a comparative analysis reading. Common formal features are evaluated under the headings of number of openings, vertical mass configuration, material and structure, colour and graphic language, and urban location. The findings indicate that Republican arches appropriate the archetypal scheme of ancient triumphal arches, yet translate discourses of modernization and national unity into space through the use of red–white colour codes, portraits of Atatürk, institutional emblems and numerical slogans. The article argues that these temporary yet highly representative installations should be documented and discussed as part of modern architectural heritage and reconsidered as an installation language that can inform contemporary urban design and commemorative practices.
Collective Memory, Monumentality, Temporary Architecture, Triumphal Arch Architecture.
Endangered Mosque Heritage in Nakhchivan: Architectural Documentation and Conservation Priorities
Historical monuments constitute valuable records of cultural heritage and collective memory. This study examines selected religious architectural monuments in the Nakhchivan region, focusing on mosques and shrines, to document their current preservation status and to underline the necessity of timely conservation action. Using a descriptive and comparative approach grounded in field observation and architectural analysis, the research compiles basic identification data and evaluates physical condition with particular attention to roof integrity, structural continuity, and the survival of key heritage elements. Findings indicate that several monuments located in the Kangarli and Sharur districts are in a critical state of deterioration. In particular, the Old Khok Mosque (Kangarli) and the mosques in Kurchulu and Ashagi Aralıq villages (Sharur) have largely collapsed, with only structural remnants remaining, signalling an urgent need for protective measures and systematic documentation. Given their historical and architectural significance, these monuments require professionally supervised, scientifically informed conservation-restoration planning. Accordingly, the study emphasizes that relevant institutions should prioritize immediate interventions to prevent further loss and to safeguard this heritage for future generations.
Cultural Heritage, Mosques, Nakhchivan, Protection of Monuments, Public Awareness, Shrines.
Designing Architecture In Between Scales
The purpose of the paper is to discuss scale as not only a representative but also a creative and imaginative tool. By using the method of conceptual analysis, the paper discusses concepts which are used to define scale in architecture. These analyses reveal the changing theoretical framework of scale. The argument of the paper is that this is the change of scale from being a representational to a self-representational tool, suggesting that when scale is freed from the dimensional or proportional qualities of the object it represents, it only represents itself in architecture. Although scale is usually defined by the concepts of size, dimension, measurement and proportion, it has many other definitions, as it is relational and perceptual. The relational and perceptual nature of scale makes it an imaginative tool in architectural design. It is also a creative tool that encourages designers to think and imagine in an interdisciplinary context in architecture. Scale, therefore, cannot be understood only as a technical tool that represents the size of a design object. As a contribution to the literature, the paper reconceptualises scale as a self-representational tool that does not necessarily represent a specific size or object. The paper conceives of scale as a tool for designing in between scales in architecture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research
Seismic Performance Assessment of Medieval Turkic Brick Minarets: A Comparative Study
Historical structures are key elements of cultural heritage, offering insights into past societies and linking them to the present. Many were built using masonry, which is strong in compression but weak in tension. Advances in computational technologies have allowed more precise analysis of such structures, especially under seismic effects.This study examines three notable Turkish minarets from the 12th to13th centuries: The Kalyan Minaret, the Jam Minar, and the Sivas Great Mosque Minaret. The historical development of minarets and their significance in art history are briefly reviewed, along with the evolution of construction techniques, such as brick and brick–stone masonry. Structural behaviour was analysed through the Finite Element Method, and seismic performance was assessed using Time History Analyses with acceleration records from the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake.Results reveal that seismic responses vary significantly depending on material, geometry, and construction methods. The Kalyan Minaret, with its thick conical shaft, displayed the best performance, showing limited displacements and stress levels. The Jam Minar, the tallest and slenderest, experienced greater stresses, particularly in its upper sections, consistent with its current partial collapse. The Sivas Great Mosque Minaret performed least favourably, with high tensile and compressive stresses concentrated at the pedestal and transition zone.Overall, the study highlights that the design of masonry minarets was influenced not only by artistic and symbolic concerns but also by structural needs. Their development reflects efforts to ensure earthquake resistance and stability under lateral loads, emphasising the integration of aesthetic and engineering considerations in medieval architecture.
Building Irregularities According to Regulations of Different Countries
As earthquakes are natural disasters that can occur anywhere in the world, many countries have tried various measures to minimize the damage caused by them. They have imposed certain restrictions on architectural designs and adopted earthquake regulations appropriate to their own social and economic conditions, the seismic activity of the region and its proximity to active fault lines, architectural design traditions and technological developments in the construction sector, with the aim of designing earthquake-resistant structures. Some underdeveloped or developing countries implement the regulations created by developed countries within their countries. Many countries have approached the concept of structural irregularity, which is one of the issues that most affects the architectural design process in earthquake regulations, from different perspectives. In this study, in addition to the current Turkish Building Earthquake Regulation in force in the country, the perspectives of other countries such as America, Mexico, India, and Argentina on the concept of structural irregularity in earthquake regulations were examined. These countries provide explanations with special visuals in their regulations, allowing designers to understand the subject more easily and simply. The major earthquakes and destruction that occurred in these countries and their neighbouring countries played an active role in the preparation process of the regulation. As a result, the approaches of countries to structural irregularity in earthquake regulations were compared, and the effects of geographical conditions on architectural design were examined.
Strategic Approaches for a Sustainable Future in an Earthquake Zone: A Comparison Between Japan and Türkiye
Japan, one of the world’s most earthquake-prone countries, has long implemented a value-based urban development strategy known as Land Readjustment (LR), or Tochi Kukaku Seiri. This model uses scientific valuation methods to ensure that land values are fairly calculated and redistributed before and after urban development. It aims to reduce earthquake risks, promote social justice, and support economic sustainability. In Japan, LR is strengthened through transparency, public participation, GIS-based digital maps, and AI-supported analysis—making the process more effective in building resilient cities.In Türkiye, the need for value-based regulations has increased, especially after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake and the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Although the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change has launched some pilot applications, a comprehensive and holistic policy transformation has not yet taken place. In Japan, these processes have been made more effective through CBS-based digital maps, artificial intelligence-supported analyses, and mechanisms based on public participation.The study compares the LR policies of Japan and Türkiye in terms of their historical, legal, technical, and social dimensions. The findings reveal that Japan's value-based, participatory, and transparent approach can serve as a guide for Türkiye. It has been observed that Türkiye's current system, which is based on equal proportional cuts, is insufficient in terms of sustainability due to social injustices and limited transparency. In conclusion, value-based standards adapted from Japan could make significant contributions to ensuring social justice, strengthening economic sustainability, and building resilient cities in Türkiye's post-disaster urban transformation processes.
Value-Based Distribution (Equivalence/Equivalence)
Experiencing the City with Art and Art with the City: The Case of the 17th Istanbul Biennial
In this article, the contribution of art to the experience of urban public space is investigated. The focus is on the 17th Istanbul Biennial, which was held between 17 September and 20 November 2022, which spread throughout the city and thus provides a strong sample for research. The case study method was adopted in the research. Therefore, the data used in the research are the biennial venues, the relations of the artworks in these spaces with the city, the experiences of the participants, and the observations of the researchers. The findings of the research reveal that art activity can have the power to reproduce/reconstruct both the past and the future in the city with the encounters it creates on both an individual and social scale. The example of the 17th Istanbul Biennial has shown that art events have an important potential for establishing connections between the parts of the city. With these activities, it has been observed that the hidden areas, streets, and places in the city, that are hidden, unexplored, and left on the coast, that is, the hidden potentials and hidden power of the city, can be revealed.
Metric-Based Comparative Analysis of Seljuk and Byzantine Architectural Practices in Medieval Anatolia
The architectural landscape of medieval Anatolia represents a complex synthesis of Byzantine and Seljuk traditions, characterized by significant advancements in construction techniques and decorative methodologies. This study investigates the interplay between these two architectural traditions, analysing key elements such as stonework, tilework, and ornamental patterns. The Seljuks are renowned for their emphasis on intricate geometric motifs, calligraphy, and the innovative application of muqarnas, while Byzantine architecture is distinguished by its monumental scale, intricate masonry, and the extensive use of religious iconography, particularly mosaics. Despite their differing cultural and artistic ideologies, both traditions contributed profoundly to the evolution of Anatolian architecture.Through the comparative analysis of emblematic structures, including the Great Mosque of Divriği, the Green Mosque in Bursa, and the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, this research highlights mechanisms through which cultural exchange. Seljuk architects adopted and adapted Byzantine structural innovations, integrating them into Islamic artistic frameworks to develop a hybrid architectural style. Conversely, Byzantine structures, particularly in the post-Byzantine period, reflect Seljuk influences in their decorative schemes, including geometric patterns and muqarnas.Employing a methodical comparative framework, the study evaluates the aesthetic and structural principles underpinning these traditions, revealing the sociopolitical and cultural dynamics that shaped their innovations. This synthesis of Byzantine structural ingenuity and Seljuk ornamental creativity produced a distinctive architectural identity in Anatolia that profoundly influenced the subsequent development of Ottoman architecture and Islamic design throughout the Middle East and Mediterranean. These findings underscore the region’s role as a crossroads of artistic and technological exchange.
Evolution of the Urban Renewal Process into Redevelopment Process as a Failure to Maintain Balance in Public and Private Sector Activities
This study examines the critical role of urban policies and public investments in urban renewal processes, while also attempting to explain the transformation of these processes into real estate development projects. It discusses the decision-making processes that establish the conditions for urban renewal and questions the outcomes created by the shift of urban renewal processes, initially driven by public investments, into the control of the private sector. The research highlights the dynamic interaction between private sector investments and urban renewal, while also addressing the consequences of the diminishing role of the public sector and its failure to provide guidance during the implementation phase. Findings suggest that public sector plans and policies initially played a crucial role in creating an investment-friendly environment, encouraging private sector participation. Urban policies, such as strategic infrastructure investments and public investments, provided a strong foundation for regeneration. However, field work data reveal that the public sector gradually withdrew from its guiding role, leaving renewal efforts largely to private sector interests. This withdrawal led to shifts in focus and project outcomes, resulting in the abandonment of key urban projects and disrupting the intended renewal trajectory. The study underscores the importance of maintaining a balanced public-private partnership in urban renewal processes. It argues that public sector involvement is crucial not only for the equitable disruption of benefits but also to prevent socio-economic segregation. The study concludes that sustainable and inclusive urban renewal requires continuous public sector engagement to uphold its regulatory and guiding roles throughout the transformation process.
Cultural Heritage Perception, Awareness and Pedestrian Density: A Case Study in İzmir
Inspired by the well-known Turkish proverb "Even if we don't visit or see it, that village is still ours", this study explored whether historical buildings in frequently visited and walkable areas are more widely recognized, or if it is possible to identify, appreciate, and preserve historically significant buildings without seeing or passing by them. Specifically, this study investigates the relationship between pedestrian density and cultural heritage perception and awareness in Izmir’s historic district. Surveys were conducted with 138 residents to evaluate their knowledge of historical buildings from the Early Republican Period (or their cultural heritage awareness) and how they perceived the aesthetic quality of both the buildings and the streets where they are located. As a walkability indicator, pedestrian density around selected historical buildings was measured via objective and subjective methods. Unobtrusive observations, such as counting the number of people at specific locations during designated time intervals were used to evaluate the actual behaviour (objective measure). Additionally, surveys were employed to understand people's tendency to walk through the streets where these buildings are located (reported behaviour / subjective measure). The results show that streets surrounding well-preserved and aesthetically prominent buildings are preferred more often by pedestrians; or vice a versa. Results also confirm that increased pedestrian density is associated with a greater awareness of cultural heritage sites. Furthermore, aesthetically appealing streets are considered more suitable for recreational walking. These findings highlight the value of walkable spaces in urban planning and cultural heritage conservation, as pedestrian experience can boost awareness of cultural heritage.
The Epistemological Divide in Urban Design: Reconciling Theory and Practice
Urban design faces a critical challenge in bridging the gap between theoretical frameworks and real-world implementation. This paper examines the persistent divide between ideals and practice through the lenses of zoning governance, interdisciplinary collaboration, and urban resilience. The study reveals how rigid institutional structures, competing priorities, and fragmented approaches continue to hinder sustainable urban development. Through comparative analysis of global case studies, the research demonstrates that successful urban transformation requires three key elements: flexible zoning systems that balance regulation with community needs, meaningful integration across professional disciplines, and genuine participatory approaches that elevate local knowledge. The findings expose systemic barriers including political-economic constraints, cultural mismatches, and institutional resistance to innovation. The study proposes a new paradigm of reflexive urban practice that combines dynamic policymaking with community engagement and ecological principles. This approach emphasizes continuous adaptation through feedback loops between planning, implementation, and evaluation. The research provides concrete tools for practitioners while highlighting the need for fundamental changes in how urban design is taught, regulated, and implemented. Ultimately, this work argues that urban design must evolve from a technical discipline into an adaptive, inclusive practice capable of addressing 21st century challenges. The findings offer pathways to create more equitable, resilient cities by fundamentally rethinking the relationships between policy, design, and community needs.
Analysis of Ottoman Baths in the Context of Architectural Typology: Bursa Bazaar Baths
The act of bathing, a practice that has maintained its importance from the past to the present, has always been facilitated by bath structures. These structures, which were also of great importance for the Turks, reached their architectural peak during the revered Ottoman period. This study aims to comprehensively examine the architectural typologies of the Ottoman period bazaar baths in Bursa. The importance of this study lies in its contribution to the existing knowledge of Ottoman architecture, as it analyzes the architectural features of these historical buildings in detail. It also emphasizes the urgent need to preserve these buildings and transfer them to future generations as cultural heritage. The methods used in this study include literature review, field study, and comparative analysis. The literature review examined the general characteristics of Ottoman period baths, followed by a detailed analysis of the construction dates, spatial arrangement, and current use of the baths in Bursa. The findings reveal that the bath buildings in Bursa show an asymmetrical structure in terms of plan and mass characteristics, but there are differences in their spatial arrangement and usage patterns. In particular, it was determined that some of the baths preserved their architectural identity despite the loss of their original functions. The results of the study make important contributions to the literature in terms of identifying commonalities and differences between the architectural typologies of Ottoman baths and emphasize the critical importance of preserving these buildings for cultural sustainability and the continuity of historical heritage.
Preserving Cultural Heritage with Digital Design and NFT Technologies: Innovative Approaches in Architectural Education
This study explores the integration of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) into architectural education to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to thrive in the digital age. By incorporating NFT technology into the curriculum, the study aimed to foster a comprehensive understanding of digital design, intellectual property protection, and the potential of NFTs in preserving and promoting architectural heritage. The research found integrating NFTs empowered students to explore the intersection of art, technology, and commerce within the architectural realm. By transforming their designs into unique digital assets, students developed a deeper appreciation for their work’s commercial potential and the importance of intellectual property protection. The study demonstrated the role of NFTs in fostering networking opportunities, enabling students to connect with a wider audience and potential collaborators. To fully harness the potential of NFTs in architectural education, the study emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that addresses ethical, legal, and environmental considerations. Educators must instil in students a strong sense of responsibility regarding the creation and utilization of digital assets, including copyright, licensing, and the environmental impact of blockchain technology. Fostering interdisciplinary collaboration is also crucial for equipping students with the diverse skill set required to navigate the complexities of the digital landscape. By addressing these critical dimensions, architectural education can effectively prepare students to become proficient digital designers and informed participants in the evolving NFT ecosystem. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the role of technology in shaping the future of architecture and preserving cultural heritage.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research
Regeneration of A Historical Urban Park and Its Evaluation by the Visitors: Gençlik Park Case, Ankara
Urban parks, which should be planned and managed with "economic, ecological, and social sustainability" in mind, benefit citizens' health in terms of these three components. This study assesses the social sustainability of parks using the example of "Gençlik Park". The study was conducted to investigate user perceptions of renovation work carried out after a large urban park, which contributed significantly to the capital city's identity, lost function and meaning and became a deteriorated area. The data were analysed with the SPSS 23 program, and variables were associated using the T-test and ANOVA. The users were questioned under the headings of "accessibility, comfort, appearance and aesthetics, adequacy and appropriateness of the activities in the park, safety" during the renovation work done in the park.
Whether it’s through sharing picture postcards or visitor-produced photographs of museums on social media, these processes of image sharing, often dismissed as trivial, are acts which create and sustain relationships between the visitor, museum, and a wider audience. This paper positions picture souvenirs as significant, performative media, and understands postcards and Instagram posts as social, objective and subjective mediums which reflect museum values and visitor decision-making. Using the British Museum as a case study, this paper analyses postcards and Instagram posts within their networks of production, use, and distribution. Visitor messages are analysed alongside imagery, and grounded theory is used to offer an interpretive understanding of decision making and inherent meaning potential. This approach responds to Haldrup and Larsen’s (2010) call for greater emphasis on ‘photographing’ in studies of tourist media and contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of photography in museum visitor experiences. Photography of the museum transforms 3D spaces into 2D objects, miniaturising the institution, making it mobile, and readying the museum for ‘new’, social uses and research indicates that whilst the aims of photography differs between museum, commercial publisher, and visitor, the decisions which underpin production are consistent. Through use, a connection is fostered between museum and person, and institutional and personal messages are read congruently. This connection is heightened online with photographs shared in ‘real-time’ alongside narratives which more closely reflect lived experiences. These photo-sharing practices enrich the visitor experience, allow visitors to ‘own’ the museum, and facilitate and support social interaction.
Exploring Mixed Reality in Architectural Design Education: A Systematic Review
This systematic literature review explores the integration and impact of Mixed Reality (MR) technologies in Architectural Design Studio Education (ADSE). Covering the period from 2019 to 2024, this review consolidates the current role of MR in design education by analysing existing studies. The study aims to evaluate both the positive and negative contributions of MR in ADSE and discuss its future potential in this field. The articles were selected and reviewed according to PRISMA (2020) guidelines (Page M.J.et al.,2021), and findings were analysed from databases including ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus. The review identified articles focusing on the application of MR in ADSE. The research findings indicate that MR technologies significantly enhance experiential learning by providing interactive and immersive environments that allow real-time visualization and manipulation of architectural designs. However, integrating MR into ADSE faces challenges such as high implementation costs and the need for specialized training for instructors. Nevertheless, if these challenges are addressed, MR can offer an alternative reality to ADSE with transformative potential. This paper provides a comprehensive guide for educators, curriculum developers, and students interested in leveraging MR technologies to foster innovative learning environments in ADSE.
An Analysis of The Use of Natural Stone and Marble in Contemporary Architectural Designs
Throughout history, many products have been used as construction materials. One of the oldest of these materials is natural stone. Natural stones can be processable with different techniques and be freely used in any desired place. It has been observed that the use of natural stone in architectural designs has changed compared to the past, with the discovery of new construction materials and techniques. The aim of this study is to make known the situation of natural stones in today's architectural designs by revealing the changes. For this reason, the use of natural stone has been examined through contemporary architectural designs. In the selected designs, what types of natural stones are selected according to their characteristics and design ideas have been examined. Due to the fact that each design has its own characteristics, the application details are specified by looking at the form, function, colour, pattern and texture of the natural stones. The reasons why natural stones continue to be preferred in architectural designs have been determined as a result of the examinations made. Accordingly, it can be ascertained that natural stones are durable, long-lasting, maintenance-free, and can be found in various functions, shapes, colours, patterns and textures according to their conditions. They are also subjected to different processes. In addition, they can be included in different solutions through application details, have wide reserves in our country, are recyclable and sustainable. For this reason, it is clear that natural stones will be the preferred materials in architectural designs in the future.
The Effect of Bedroom Wall Colors on Users' Perceptual Performance
In this study, the effects of colour types (neutral, warm, cool) selected based on single-colour harmony used on the walls of bedrooms, where individuals spend a significant part of their lives, on participants’ perceptual evaluations were examined. Within the scope of the study, virtual bedroom spaces designed according to different colour types were used to investigate how perceptual evaluations of research participants could be influenced. The study formulated hypotheses based on the relationships between bedroom colour type and participant variables such as occupation, gender, and age. To test these hypotheses, participants evaluated virtual bedroom spaces online using Google Forms. Statistical analyses, including confidence tests conducted with SPSS, involved calculating percentage values, means, and standard deviations. Differences among variables were examined comparatively. The findings indicated that spaces utilizing neutral colours were generally perceived more positively compared to those employing warm and cool colours. Moreover, certain groups, namely engineers and other professionals, men, and participants aged 25-35, tended to provide more favourable perceptual evaluations than architects, interior designers, women, and participants aged 36-50. In conclusion, this study contributes to understanding how colour types in bedroom environments can influence perceptual evaluations, shedding light on preferences across various demographic groups.
On Representation: The Greek and Roman Roots of the Idea of Character in Architecture
The French term caractère (character) was frequently debated during the second half of the eighteenth century and was meant to establish a relationship between the form of a building and the purpose for which it was built. Its importance was twofold: it raised the issue of the intelligibility of architectural forms beyond their beauty, and, as a consequence, it directly maintained that architecture was similar to a language, in poetry or prose, capable of conveying social, civil, and religious meanings. By emphasizing the possible parallels between architecture and literature, this article analyses some ancient texts—by the likes of Aristotle, Theophrastus, Horace, Cicero, and, of course, Vitruvius—that are at the foundation of the notion of character. This “dive into the past” has nothing to do with the will to reestablish the classical style (or classicism); quite differently, it aims to rediscover the philosophical basis of architectural theory, by means of which architecture can hopefully get back to expressing collective meanings. Some final questions connect the ancient theme of character to open contemporary issues.
Sustainability of Historical Buildings Through Reuse Projects: A Case Study of the Kadıköy District in İstanbul
This research focuses on the preservation and adaptive reuse of historic structures. It emphasizes the importance of conserving cultural and historical heritage, suggesting that assigning new functions to these buildings contributes to sustainability. The study progresses through successful examples of adaptive reuse of historical buildings acquired by the Kadıköy Municipality, addressing spatial, cultural, and legal dimensions. It underscores the importance of preserving the architectural characteristics, spatial organizations, and surroundings of these buildings when assigning new functions. The research advocates for minimal intervention principles in adaptive reuse projects, ensuring the historical and cultural values of the buildings are considered. Furthermore, it highlights that these projects should not only focus on physical restoration but also foster social and cultural interaction. Adaptive reuse projects in the Kadıköy region have been developed in line with these principles, creating active and functional spaces that respond to community needs. These projects successfully demonstrate how the preservation and active use of historical buildings can contribute to regional and cultural sustainability. Finally, the research addresses the challenges encountered in the preservation and adaptive reuse of historical buildings in Turkey, discussing legal, economic, and technical issues, and offers suggestions for effective strategies in this field. The aim is to increase awareness and develop efficient strategies for the preservation of Turkey's historical structures.
Effective Elements and Interior Typologies in the Public Space Construction of Shopping Centers
Shopping centers, which respond differently to today's sociality and daily life, are accepted as the new faces of public spaces. It has the discourse of being an alternative to the city center that brings people together, connects time and space, and intertwines activity formations with the activities/actions offered. While the urban model setup is used against the problem of large-scale building solution under a single roof/cover, it brings together the urban spaces scattered in the city and gives the human communication/interaction process with entertainment culture. In this study, the differentiated interior types of shopping centers in the physical context are removed, and the intensity of use and supported objects/elements are determined specific to the focus spaces. In the social context, the spatial continuity of the existing public space phenomenon in the city in the common use areas (foci) of shopping centers is evaluated through subjective perception. With globalization, publicity and influential elements are discussed and discussed on shopping centers with different thematic interiors designed for consumption.
Neuro-Urbanism: Measurement of the Street Enclosure and Its Influence on Human Physiology Through Wearable Sensors
In this paper, we explore the influence of the visual qualities of street spaces on human physiology and perception of comfort at selected street corners (i.e., Fumin, Changde, Xinle and Donghu Roads, Jing’an district, Shanghai). The visual qualities of the street were identified by the physical space variations, sky visibility, wall continuity, and the cross-sectional proportion. These three variables contribute to the "enclosure index", a dimensionless numeral which defines the occupant perception of the street space. We used a custom biosensor kit to collect the average heart rate of 15 participants for one minute measured at the aforementioned street corners. We compared the heart rate of the participants when they looked toward the intersection (open street space) and looked down the street (enclosed street space) and asked them to complete a questionnaire on the level of comfort. The questionnaire data was then compared to the corresponding heart rates. The results showed that the heart rates of the participants who looked at the street view (more enclosed) were lower than those who looked at the corner view (less enclosed).
Mimetic Teaching Strategy in Design Education: Relationship Between Students' Learning Style and Creativity
This research focuses on the relationship between students' learning style change and the components of creativity in a design studio environment where mimetic teaching strategy is adopted. It is assumed in the study that the change in learning style is associated with the level of creativity in the design process and product. The theoretical framework of this study, which focuses on the learning strategy of a total of 13 students taking the second-year architectural design project course in the architecture department throughout the semester, is formed by Rhodes' 4Ps (Person, Press, Process, and Product). According to this, the skill of reasoning (person) by Sloman and Pahl & Beitz (associative-variant / hybrid-adaptable / metaphorical-original); resource utilization in the design process (press) by Casakin, Akalın, and Özkan & Akalın (within domains –hybrid- between domains); design process (process) by Rittel (linear / non-linear) and the created product (product) by Gentner & Markman and Welling (application-analogy-combination-abstraction) were analyzed based on the theoretical framework. Analysis findings showed that students who experienced different learning styles at the beginning and end of the semester were in a constant search by adopting a non-linear design process, and these students reached the original design by using metaphorical reasoning. Students using associative reasoning with a linear process struggled to abstractly analyze ill defined design problems, which led them to generate variants of solved design problems. One way to break this situation is to guide learners to find examples that will lead them to metaphorical reasoning, activate their relationship with place context, and lead them to metaphorical reasoning. Since creativity is closely related to the ability to restructure and reinterpret, the metaphorical reasoning strategy in developing solutions with mimetic approaches should be encouraged as a tool that shows students different thinking alternatives, and original or adaptable designs should be encouraged.
Architectural Porosity: Urban Heritage Wall as Common Ground for Shared Inhabitation
This paper explored the idea of architectural porosity, which consists of the relation between material and socio-spatial porosities in the context of urban heritage sites. It takes inspiration from Walter Benjamin and Asja Lacis' essay Napples (originally published in 1925), which sounded the idea of porosity as an urban condition that connects the material and socio-spatial characteristics of the city. Architectural porosity will be explored by looking at empirical examples of urban walls in Semarang Old Town, Indonesia, as a fertile vertical ground for shared inhabitation between human/non-human and formal/informal inhabitation. By looking at the publicly available aerial photography of the area and 'street views' of the urban walls from recent years, alongside direct wall observation in 2022, this paper traces the changing of Semarang Old Town, focusing on the consequence of the revitalisation since 2016/2017 which arguably resulted in an eradication of former conditions of porosity. This study unfolds the possible inclusion of alternative voices, such as acknowledging the natural ecological cycle of decay and informal inhabitation, within the discussion of urban heritage revitalisation practice.
Conservation as a Driving Force for the Sustainability of Yeşilburç Village Cultural Heritage Values
Historical environments and cultural assets, which are important components of these environments, carry values that are transferred from generation to generation and provide a link between the past and the present. Today, globalization and urbanization, which pose a significant threat to this invaluable heritage, also threaten rural settlements, where place-specific values are relatively better preserved than in urban centers. The protection of the heritage values of historical environments as a whole and the importance of protection have also been revealed by international treaties. This article focuses on Yeşilburç Village in Niğde Province, one of the villages built by Greeks migrating to Greece and later inhabited by Muslims migrating from Greece, following the forced migration agreement signed between the Turkish and Greek governments in 1924. Yeşilburç historical settlement was declared an urban conservation area in 2019, and a conservation plan is under construction in line with the current legal regulations in Turkey. In the article, it is claimed that the conservation works are a driving force and opportunity for the sustainability of the settlement, and the importance of the documentation studies carried out within the scope of the planning studies is emphasized. The data presented in this study is based on fieldwork and archival research conducted during the conservation planning process and assesses the challenges encountered in the process, the existing and potential values of the site, and the threats and opportunities that may hinder conservation. The key and triggering role of conservation and its potential resource quality is indispensable in maintaining the original values of the Yeşilburç settlement, which has a rich historical past, and new research will strengthen this situation.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research
An Analytical Approach to the Traces of Settlement of the City of Sakarya from Antiquity to the Present
According to the known history of the world, the first communities generally chose natural cave environments on the edges of sea, lake and stream for settlement and spread towards the interior of the land over time. These communities have learned to move to higher elevations in order to be protected from phenomena such as water rises and ground movements in the natural flow of the earth. It is an ironic situation that these natural phenomena that shape the earth are called disasters today.In this context, the aim of the study is to question Sakarya River, which was formed as a result of an earthquake action, and along this river, the settlement decisions of the cultures that established living spaces within the borders of the city of Sakarya by mapping them chronologically from the Paleolithic period to the present day with an analytical approach. Within the scope of the study, the effect of the earthquake phenomenon in the city, from the ancient times to the present, while the settlement decisions are taken, will be discussed and the effect of this information on the current settlement decisions of the city will be questioned.Types of analysis specific to the method developed within the scope of the study are; systematic literature review, epigraphic documents, aerial and archive photographs, maps. While reading the traces of settlement in the historical process, the study makes the structural constructs created by the cultures visible through the icons created within the scope of the study.
A Study on Gathering the Opinions of Architecture Students to Enhance User Interaction with Historical Urban Fabric: A Case Study of Tepebağ Neighborhood in Adana Province
The historical urban fabric is an important part of our cultural heritage, and historical neighborhoods are valuable assets that reflect the identity and character of a city. However, over time, changes, unplanned urbanization, and other factors have led to a decrease in the authenticity and user interaction of these historical neighborhoods. The urban historical fabric, which can be considered as cultural heritage, has the chance to sustain its continuity under the responsibility of various professions, especially the discipline of architecture. Based on this reality, it is inconceivable for an architecture student, who is educated to learn, comprehend, and preserve the historical fabric, to remain indifferent to the cultural heritage of a city. In this context, a study was conducted to gather the opinions of architecture students with the aim of increasing their interaction with the historical urban fabric. The objective was to use the views of responsible architecture students as data in collaboration with stakeholders to improve and enhance the interaction with the historical urban fabric. The study measured the demographic information and awareness of architecture students at Çukurova University regarding the field through a questionnaire. The reasons and frequency of users' experiences in the area were analyzed. Within the scope of the study, participants were presented with sample images from cultural, economic, social, educational, and public open/semi-open space categories within the historical fabric. Using a 5-point Likert scale, the study aimed to determine the preferred value and rationale of these spaces if they were located in Tepebağ.The results of the survey aimed to increase the interaction of architecture students, aged 18-26 (+), with the significant historical fabric of Tepebağ Neighborhood in Adana Province. The study aimed to gather their opinions and recommendations regarding the historical fabric and to contribute to initiatives that increase the interaction of young individuals with the historical fabric by sharing the collected data with relevant institutions